Unified English Braille (UEB)

February 8, 2026

Unified English Braille (UEB) is my primary braille table. It was developed by the International Council on English Braille (ICEB). UEB is a complete code that is used for both literary (non-technical) and STEM (technical) materials in English-speaking countries. The general principle of UEB is that each print symbol has one and only one braille equivalent by using the same physical symbol regardless of context (literary or technical).

UEB is a 6-dot braille code but there are only sixty-four possible combinations with a 6-dot cell. To overcome this limitation some signs will have more than one braille cell, or one braille cell will represent more than one character. A good example would be an asterisk (*) which is formed with two cells, a prefix, and a root. In UEB a prefix is a braille character that has only right-hand dots. The root is any of the fifty-six braille characters that are not a prefix. In the case of an asterisks, it has a dot 5 prefix and a root with dots 3 and 5. Whereas the word “and” is a strong wordsign and the three characters are represented as one braille cell with dots 123 and 46. This is known as contracted braille.

The Unified English Braille (UEB) Table is huge, so I have divided the braille table into easy to find reference sections. This is not a complete or definite list, but it is comprehensive, and I will continue to add braille signs that I find useful as a deafblind engineer. I will write about the more complex use of UEB in my notebook, such as linear algebra, and matrices that is required for machine learning.

Below are links to a collection of UEB Signs that I find useful to manage, maintain, and troubleshoot computer systems and networks.

Table of contents

SECTION ONE: Alphabet

SECTION TWO: Alphabetic Wordsigns

SECTION THREE: Contractions

SECTION FOUR: Two-Cell Contractions

SECTION FIVE: Shortform Words

SECTION SIX: Punctuation, Symbols, and Diacritical Marks

SECTION SEVEN: Indicators

SECTION EIGHT: Greek Alphabet Letters and Symbols

SECTION NINE: Technical Signs

SECTION TEN: Transcriber defined Signs

1.1. Braille Alphabet

Print Braille Dots
a ⠁ 1
b ⠃ 1-2
c ⠉ 1-4
d ⠙ 1-4-5
e ⠑ 1-5
f ⠋ 1-2-4
g ⠛ 1-2-4-5
h ⠓ 1-2-5
i ⠊ 2-4
j ⠚ 2-4-5
k ⠅ 1-3
l ⠇ 1-2-3
m ⠍ 1-3-4
n ⠝ 1-3-4-5
o ⠕ 1-3-5
p ⠏ 1-2-3-4
q ⠟ 1-2-3-4-5
r ⠗ 1-2-3-5
s ⠎ 2-3-4
t ⠞ 2-3-4-5
u ⠥ 1-3-6
v ⠧ 1-2-3-6
w ⠺ 2-4-5-6
x ⠭ 1-3-4-6
y ⠽ 1-3-4-5-6
z ⠵ 1-3-5-6

2.1. Alphabetic wordsigns

Print Braille Dots
but ⠃ 1-2
can ⠉ 1-4
do ⠙ 1-4-5
every ⠑ 1-5
from ⠋ 1-2-4
go ⠛ 1-2-4-5
have ⠓ 1-2-5
just ⠚ 2-4-5
knowledge ⠅ 1-3
like ⠇ 1-2-3
more ⠍ 1-3-4
not ⠝ 1-3-4-5
people ⠏ 1-2-3-4
quite ⠟ 1-2-3-4-5
rather ⠗ 1-2-3-5
so ⠎ 2-3-4
that ⠞ 2-3-4-5
us ⠥ 1-3-6
very ⠧ 1-2-3-6
will ⠺ 2-4-5-6
it ⠭ 1-3-4-6
you ⠽ 1-3-4-5-6
as ⠵ 1-3-5-6

3.1. Strong Contractions: Wordsigns

Print Braille Dots
and ⠯ 1-2-3-4-6
for ⠿ 1-2-3-4-5-6
of ⠷ 1-2-3-5-6
the ⠮ 2-3-4-6
with ⠾ 2-3-4-5-6
child ⠡ 1-6
shall ⠩ 1-4-6
this ⠹ 1-4-5-6
which ⠱ 1-5-6
out ⠳ 1-2-5-6
still ⠌ 3-4

3.2. Strong Contractions: Groupsigns

Print Braille Dots
and ⠯ 1-2-3-4-6
for ⠿ 1-2-3-4-5-6
of ⠷ 1-2-3-5-6
the ⠮ 2-3-4-6
with ⠾ 2-3-4-5-6
ch ⠡ 1-6
gh ⠣ 1-2-6
sh ⠩ 1-4-6
th ⠹ 1-4-5-6
wh ⠱ 1-5-6
ed ⠫ 1-2-4-6
er ⠻ 1-2-4-5-6
ou ⠳ 1-2-5-6
ow ⠪ 2-4-6
st ⠌ 3-4
ar ⠜ 3-4-5
ing ⠬ 3-4-6

3.3. Lower Contractions: Wordsigns

Print Braille Dots
be ⠆ 2-3
his ⠦ 2-3-6
was ⠴ 3-5-6
were ⠶ 2-3-5-6
enough ⠢ 2-6
in ⠔ 3-5

3.4. Lower Contractions: Groupsigns

Print Braille Dots
be ⠆ 2-3
con ⠒ 2-5
dis ⠲ 2-5-6
ea ⠂ 2
bb ⠆ 2-3
cc ⠒ 2-5
ff ⠖ 2-3-5
gg ⠶ 2-3-5-6
en ⠢ 2-6
in ⠔ 3-5

4.1. Initial-Letter Contractions with Dot 5

Print Braille Dots
character ⠐⠡ 5, 1-6
day ⠐⠙ 5, 1-4-5
ever ⠐⠑ 5, 1-5
father ⠐⠋ 5, 1-2-4
here ⠐⠓ 5, 1-2-5
know ⠐⠅ 5, 1-3
lord ⠐⠇ 5, 1-2-3
mother ⠐⠍ 5, 1-3-4
name ⠐⠝ 5, 1-3-4-5
one ⠐⠕ 5, 1-3-5
ought ⠐⠳ 5, 1-2-5-6
part ⠐⠏ 5, 1-2-3-4
question ⠐⠟ 5, 1-2-3-4-5
right ⠐⠗ 5, 1-2-3-5
some ⠐⠎ 5, 2-3-4
there ⠐⠮ 5, 2-3-4-6
through ⠐⠹ 5, 1-4-5-6
time ⠐⠞ 5, 2-3-4-5
under ⠐⠥ 5, 1-3-6
young ⠐⠽ 5, 1-3-4-5-6
where ⠐⠱ 5, 1-5-6
work ⠐⠺ 5, 2-4-5-6

4.2. Initial-Letter Contractions with Dots 4-5

Print Braille Dots
these ⠘⠮ 4-5, 2-3-4-6
those ⠘⠹ 4-5, 1-4-5-6
upon ⠘⠥ 4-5, 1-3-6
whose ⠘⠱ 4-5, 1-5-6
word ⠘⠺ 4-5, 2-4-5-6

4.3. Initial-Letter Contractions with Dots 4-5-6

Print Braille Dots
cannot ⠸⠉ 4-5-6, 1-4
had ⠸⠓ 4-5-6, 1-2-5
many ⠸⠍ 4-5-6, 1-3-4
spirit ⠸⠎ 4-5-6, 2-3-4
their ⠸⠮ 4-5-6, 2-3-4-6
world ⠸⠺ 4-5-6, 2-4-5-6

4.4. Final-Letter Groupsigns with Dots 4-6

Print Braille Dots
ound ⠨⠙ 4-6, 1-4-5
ance ⠨⠑ 4-6, 1-5
sion ⠨⠝ 4-6, 1-3-4-5
less ⠨⠎ 4-6, 2-3-4
ount ⠨⠞ 4-6, 2-3-4-5

4.5. Final-Letter Groupsigns with Dots 5-6

Print Braille Dots
ence ⠰⠑ 5-6, 1-5
ong ⠰⠛ 5-6, 1-2-4-5
ful ⠰⠇ 5-6, 1-2-3
tion ⠰⠝ 5-6, 1-3-4-5
ness ⠰⠎ 5-6, 2-3-4
ment ⠰⠞ 5-6, 2-3-4-5
ity ⠰⠽ 5-6, 1-3-4-5-6

5.1. Shortforms

Print Braille Contraction
about ⠁⠃ ab
above ⠁⠃⠧ abv
according ⠁⠉ ac
across ⠁⠉⠗ acr
after ⠁⠋ af
afternoon ⠁⠋⠝ afn
afterward ⠁⠋⠺ afw
again ⠁⠛ ag
against ⠁⠛⠌ agst
almost ⠁⠇⠍ alm
already ⠁⠇⠗ alr
also ⠁⠇ al
although ⠁⠇⠹ alth
altogether ⠁⠇⠞ alt
always ⠁⠇⠺ alw
because ⠆⠉ bec
before ⠆⠋ bef
behind ⠆⠓ beh
below ⠆⠇ bel
beneath ⠆⠝ ben
beside ⠆⠎ bes
between ⠆⠞ bet
beyond ⠆⠽ bey
blind ⠃⠇ bl
braille ⠃⠗⠇ brl
children ⠡⠝ chn
conceive ⠒⠉⠧ concv
conceiving ⠒⠉⠧⠛ concvg
could ⠉⠙ cd
deceive ⠙⠉⠧ dcv
deceiving ⠙⠉⠧⠛ dcvg
declare ⠙⠉⠇ dcl
declaring ⠙⠉⠇⠛ dclg
either ⠑⠊ ei
first ⠋⠌ fst
friend ⠋⠗ fr
good ⠛⠙ gd
great ⠛⠗⠞ grt
herself ⠓⠻⠋ herf
him ⠓⠍ hm
himself ⠓⠍⠋ hmf
immediate ⠊⠍⠍ imm
its ⠭⠎ xs
itself ⠭⠋ xf
letter ⠇⠗ lr
little ⠇⠇ ll
much ⠍⠡ mch
must ⠍⠌ mst
myself ⠍⠽⠋ myf
necessary ⠝⠑⠉ nec
neither ⠝⠑⠊ nei
oneself ⠐⠕⠋ onef
ourselves ⠳⠗⠧⠎ ourvs
paid ⠏⠙ pd
perceive ⠏⠻⠉⠧ percv
perceiving ⠏⠻⠉⠧⠛ percvg
perhaps ⠏⠻⠓ perh
quick ⠟⠅ qk
receive ⠗⠉⠧ rcv
receiving ⠗⠉⠧⠛ rcvg
rejoice ⠗⠚⠉ rjc
rejoicing ⠗⠚⠉⠛ rjcg
said ⠎⠙ sd
should ⠩⠙ shd
such ⠩⠡ sch
themselves ⠮⠍⠧⠎ themvs
thyself ⠹⠽⠋ thyf
today ⠞⠙ td
together ⠞⠛⠗ tgr
tomorrow ⠞⠍ tm
tonight ⠞⠝ tn
would ⠺⠙ wd
your ⠽⠗ yr
yourself ⠽⠗⠋ yrf
yourselves ⠽⠗⠧⠎ yrvs

6.1. Punctuation and Print Symbols

Print Braille Dots
Ampersand & ⠈⠽ 4, 1-2-3-4-6
Apostrophe ' ⠄ 3
Asterisk * ⠐⠔ 5, 3-5
At Sign @ ⠈⠁ 4, 1
Backward Slash \ ⠸⠡ 4-5-6,1-6
Broken Bar ¦ ⠨⠳ 4-6, 1-2-5-6s
Bullet • ⠸⠲ 4-5-6, 2-5-6
Carat ^ ⠈⠢ 4, 2-6
Colon : ⠒ 2-5
Comma , ⠂ 2
Copyright © ⠘⠉ 4-5, 1-4
Dash – ⠠⠤ 6, 3-6
Dagger † ⠈⠠⠹ 4, 6, 1-4-5-6
Decimal Point . ⠲ 2-5-6
Degree ° ⠘⠚ 4-5, 2-4-5
Double Dagger ‡ ⠈⠠⠻ 4, 6, 1-2-4-5-6
Ellipses … ⠲⠲⠲ 2-5-6, 2-5-6, 2-5-6
Exclamation Mark ! ⠖ 2-3-5
Exclamation Mark, Inverted ¡ ⠘⠰⠖ 4-5, 5-6, 2-3-5
Female (Venus) ♀ ⠘⠭ 4-5, 1-3-4-6
Forward Slash / ⠸⠌ 4-5-6, 3-4
Full Stop . ⠲ 2-5-6
Hashtag # ⠸⠹ 4-5-6, 1-4-5-6
Hyphen - ⠤ 3-6
Grave Accent ` ⠨⠡ 4-6, 1-6
Long Dash — ⠐⠠⠤ 5, 6, 3-6
Male (Mars) ♂ ⠘⠽ 4-5, 1-3-4-5-6
Negation Symbol ¬ ⠈⠹ 4, 1-4-5-6
Paragraph ¶ ⠘⠏ 4-5, 1-2-3-4
Percentage Sign % ⠨⠴ 4-6, 3-5-6
Question Mark ? ⠦ 2-3-6
Question Mark, Inverted ¿ ⠘⠰⠦ 4-5, 5-6, 2-3-6
Registered Trademark ® ⠘⠗ 4-5, 1-2-3-5
Section § ⠘⠎ 4-5, 2-3-4
Semicolon ; ⠆ 2-3
Tilde ~ ⠈⠔ 4, 3-5
Trademark ™ ⠘⠞ 4-5, 2-3-4-5
Underscore _ ⠨⠤ 4-6, 3-6
Vertical Bar | ⠸⠳ 4-5-6, 1-2-5-6

6.2. Brackets

Print Braille Dots
Left Round Bracket ( ⠐⠣ 5, 1-2-6
Right Round Bracket ) ⠐⠜ 5, 3-4-5
Left Square Bracket [ ⠨⠣ 4-6, 1-2-6
Right Square Bracket ] ⠨⠜ 4-6, 3-4-5
Left Curly Bracket { ⠸⠣ 4-5-6, 1-2-6
Right Curly Bracket } ⠸⠜ 4-5-6, 3-4-5
Left Angle Bracket 〈 ⠈⠣ 4, 1-2-6
Right Angle Bracket 〉 ⠈⠜ 4, 3-4-5
Vertical Bar | ⠸⠳ 4-5-6, 1-2-5-6
Multiline Left Round Bracket ( ⠠⠐⠣ 6, 5, 1-2-6
Multiline Right Round Bracket ) ⠠⠐⠜ 6, 5, 3-4-5
Multiline Left Square Bracket [ ⠠⠨⠣ 6, 4-6,1-2-6
Multiline Right Square Bracket ] ⠠⠐⠜ 6, 4-6, 3-4-5
Multiline Left Curly Bracket { ⠠⠸⠣ 6, 4-5-6, 1-2-6
Multiline Right Curly Bracket } ⠠⠸⠜ 6, 4-5-6, 3-4-5
Multiline Vertical Bar | ⠠⠸⠳ 6, 4-5-6, 1-2-5-6

6.3. Quotation Marks

Print Braille Dots
Opening (Non-Specific) Quotation Mark " ⠦ 2-3-6
Closing (Non-Specific) Quotation Mark " ⠴ 3-5-6
Opening (Single) Inner Quotation Mark ' ⠠⠦ 6, 2-3-6
Closing (Single) Inner Quotation Mark ' ⠠⠴ 6, 3-5-6
Opening Iinner) Double Quotation Mark " ⠘⠦ 4-5, 2-3-6
Closing (Inner) Double Quotation Mark " ⠘⠴ 4-5, 3-5-6

6.4. Diacritical Marks

Print Braille Dots
Acute é ⠘⠌ 4-5, 3-4
Grave ò ⠘⠡ 4-5, 1-6
Cedilla ç ⠘⠯ 4-5, 1-2-3-4-6
Circle Above å ⠘⠫ 4-5, 1-2-4-6
Circumflex î ⠘⠩ 4-5, 1-4-6
Breve ă ⠘⠬ 4-5, 3-4-6
Haček ŭ ⠘⠬ 4-5, 3-4-6
Scule ø ⠈⠡⠕ 4, 1-6, 1-3-5
Tilde Above ñ ⠘⠻ 4-5, 1-2-4-5-6
Diaeresis ë ⠘⠒ 4-5, 2-5
Umlaut ü ⠘⠒ 4-5, 2-5
Macron/Stress Mark ē ⠈⠤ 4, 3-6
Tittle I ⠠⠊ 6, 2-4
Ligature æ ⠁⠘⠖⠑ 1, 4-5, 2-3-5, 1-5

7.1. Numeric Indicators

Description Braille Dots
Numeric Prefix ⠼ 3-4-5-6
Numeric Passage Indicator ⠼⠼ 3-4-5-6, 3-4-5-6
Numeric Passage Terminator ⠼⠄ 3-4-5-6, 3
Simple Numeric Fraction Line ⠌ 3-4
General Fraction Open Indicator ⠷ 1-2-3-5-6
General Fraction Line ⠨⠌ 4-6, 3-4
General Fraction Close Indicator ⠾ 2-3-4-5-6
Superscript Indicator ⠔ 3-5
Subscript Indicator ⠢ 2-6
Directly Above ⠨⠔ 4-6, 3-5
Directly Below ⠨⠢ 4-6, 2-6
Open Radical (root) ⠩ 1-4-6
Close Radical (root) ⠬ 3-4-6
Opening Braille Grouping Indicator ⠣ 1-2-6
Closing Braille Grouping Indicator ⠜ 3-4-5
Line Continuation Indicator ⠐ 5
Line Continuation Indicator with Space ⠐⠐ 5, 5

7.2. Capitals Indicators

Description Braille Dots
Capital Letter Indicator ⠠ 6
Capital Word Indicator ⠠⠠ 6, 6
Capital Passage Indicator ⠠⠠⠠ 6, 6, 6
Capital Terminator ⠠⠄ 6, 3

7.3. Grade 1 Indicators

Description Braille Dots
Grade 1 Symbol Indicator ⠰ 5-6
Grade 1 Word Indicator ⠰⠰ 5-6, 5-6
Grade 1 Passage Indicator ⠰⠰⠰ 5-6, 5-6, 5-6
Grade 1 Terminator ⠰⠄ 5-6, 3

7.4. Typeforms Indicators

Italics

Description Braille Dots
Italics Symbol ⠨⠆ 4-6, 2-3
Italics Word ⠨⠂ 4-6, 2
Italics Passage ⠨⠶ 4-6, 2-3-5-6
Italics Terminator ⠨⠄ 4-6, 3

Bold

Description Braille Dots
Bold Symbol ⠘⠆ 4-5, 2-3
Bold Word ⠘⠂ 4-5, 2
Bold Passage ⠘⠶ 4-5, 2-3-5-6
Bold Terminator ⠘⠄ 4-5, 3

Underline

Description Braille Dots
Underline Symbol ⠸⠆ 4-5-6, 2-3
Underline Word ⠸⠂ 4-5-6, 2
Underline Passage ⠸⠶ 4-5-6, 2-3-5-6
Underline Terminator ⠸⠄ 4-5-6, 3

Script

Description Braille Dots
Script Symbol ⠈⠆ 4, 2-3
Script Word ⠈⠂ 4, 2
Script Passage ⠈⠶ 4, 2-3-5-6
Script Terminator ⠈⠄ 4, 3

NOTE: Script (may be used for handwriting)

8.1. Lowercase Greek Letters

Print Braille Dots
alpha α ⠨⠁ 4-6, 1
beta β ⠨⠃ 4-6, 1-2
gamma γ ⠨⠛ 4-6, 1-2-4-5
delta δ ⠨⠙ 4-6, 1-4-5
epsilon ε ⠨⠑ 4-6, 1-5
zeta ζ ⠨⠵ 4-6, 1-3-5-6
eta η ⠨⠱ 4-6, 1-5-6
theta θ ⠨⠹ 4-6, 1-4-5-6
iota ι ⠨⠊ 4-6, 2-4
kappa κ ⠨⠅ 4-6, 1-3
lambda λ ⠨⠇ 4-6, 1-2-3
mu μ ⠨⠍ 4-6, 1-3-4
nu ν ⠨⠝ 4-6, 1-3-4-5
xi ξ ⠨⠭ 4-6, 1-3-4-6
omicron ο ⠨⠕ 4-6, 1-3-5
pi π ⠨⠼ 4-6, 1-2-3-4
rho ρ ⠨⠗ 4-6, 1-2-3-5
sigma σ ⠨⠎ 4-6, 2-3-4
tau τ ⠨⠞ 4-6, 2-3-4-5
upsilon υ ⠨⠥ 4-6, 1-3-6
phi φ ⠨⠋ 4-6, 1-2-4
chi χ ⠨⠯ 4-6, 1-2-3-4-6
psi ψ ⠨⠽ 4-6, 1-3-4-5-6
omega ω ⠨⠺ 4-6, 2-4-5-6

8.2. Uppercase Greek Letters

Print Braille Dots
Alpha Α ⠠⠨⠁ 6, 4-6, 1
Beta Β ⠠⠨⠃ 6, 4-6, 1-2
Gamma Γ ⠠⠨⠛ 6, 4-6, 1-2-4-5
Delta Δ ⠠⠨⠙ 6, 4-6, 1-4-5
Epsilon Ε ⠠⠨⠑ 6, 4-6, 1-5
Zeta Ζ ⠠⠨⠵ 6, 4-6, 1-3-5-6
Eta Η ⠠⠨⠱ 6, 4-6, 1-5-6
Theta Θ ⠠⠨⠹ 6, 4-6, 1-4-5-6
Iota Ι ⠠⠨⠊ 6, 4-6, 2-4
Kappa Κ ⠠⠨⠅ 6, 4-6, 1-3
Lambda Λ ⠠⠨⠇ 6, 4-6, 1-2-3
Mu Μ ⠠⠨⠍ 6, 4-6, 1-3-4
Nu Ν ⠠⠨⠝ 6, 4-6, 1-3-4-5
Xi Ξ ⠠⠨⠭ 6, 4-6, 1-3-4-6
Omicron Ο ⠠⠨⠕ 6, 4-6, 1-3-5
Pi Π ⠠⠨⠼ 6, 4-6, 1-2-3-4
Rho Ρ ⠠⠨⠗ 6, 4-6, 1-2-3-5
Sigma Σ ⠠⠨⠎ 6, 4-6, 2-3-4
Tau Τ ⠠⠨⠞ 6, 4-6, 2-3-4-5
Upsilon Υ ⠠⠨⠥ 6, 4-6, 1-3-6
Phi Φ ⠠⠨⠋ 6, 4-6, 1-2-4
Chi Χ ⠠⠨⠯ 6, 4-6, 1-2-3-4-6
Psi Ψ ⠠⠨⠽ 6, 4-6, 1-3-4-5-6
Omega Ω ⠠⠨⠺ 6, 4-6, 2-4-5-6

8.3. Miscellaneous Greek Symbols

Print Braille Dots
Micro (Greek mu) µ ⠨⠥ 4-6, 1-3-6
Ohm sign (capital Greek omega) Ω ⠠⠨⠺ 6, 4-6, 2-4-5-6
Increment (capital Greek delta) ∆ ⠠⠨⠙ 6, 4-6, 1-4-5
Product (capital Greek pi) ∏ ⠠⠨⠏ 6, 4-6, 1-2-3-4
Sum (capital Greek sigma) ∑ ⠠⠨⠎ 6, 4-6, 2-3-4

9.1. Operational and Comparison Signs

Comparison Signs

NOTE: These are normally spaced on both sides.


Print Braille Dots
Equals Sign = ⠐⠶ 5, 2-3-5-6
Not Equal Sign ≠ ⠐⠶⠈⠱ 5, 2-3-5-6, 4, 1-5-6
Less Than Sign < ⠈⠣ 4, 1-2-6
Less Than or Equal To Sign ≤ ⠸⠈⠣ 4-5-6, 4, 1-2-6
Greater Than Sign > ⠈⠜ 4, 3-4-5
Greater Than or Equal To Sign ≥ ⠸⠈⠜ 4-5-6, 4, 3-4-5
Much Less Than Sign ≪ ⠨⠈⠜ 4-6, 4, 3-4-5
Much Greater Than Sign ≫ ⠨⠈⠣ 4-6, 4, 1-2-6
Not Less Than Sign ≮ ⠈⠣⠈⠱ 4, 1-2-6, 4, 1-5-6
Not Greater Than Sign ≯ ⠈⠜⠄⠱ 4, 3-4-5, 3, 1-5-6
Neither Less Than nor Equal To Sign ≰ ⠸⠈⠣⠈⠱ 4-5-6, 4, 1-2-6, 4, 1-5-6
Neither Greater Than nor Equal To Sign ≱ ⠸⠈⠜⠈⠱ 4-5-6, 4, 3-4-5, 4, 1-5-6
Proportional To Sign ∝ ⠸⠐⠶ 4-5-6, 5, 2-3-5-6
Approximately Equal To Sign ≃ ⠸⠔ 4-5-6, 3-5
Approximately Equal To Sign ≅ ⠐⠸⠔ 5, 4-5-6, 3-5
Approximately Equal To Sign ≈ ⠘⠔ 4-5, 3-5
Equals with Bump in top bar ≏ ⠘⠐⠶ 4-5, 5, 2-3-5-6
Geometrically Equal To ≑ ⠨⠐⠶ 4-6, 5, 2-3-5-6
Equivalent To ≡ ⠸⠿ 4-5-6, 1-2-3-4-5-6
Not Identical To ≢ ⠸⠿⠈⠱ 4-5-6, 1-2-3-4-5-6, 4, 1-5-6
Element of (member of) ∈ ⠘⠑ 4-5, 1-5
Not an element of ∉ ⠘⠑⠈⠱ 4-5, 1-5, 4, 1-5-6
Contains as member ∋ ⠈⠘⠑ 4, 4-5, 1-5
Does not contain as member ∌ ⠈⠘⠑⠈ʁ 4, 4-5, 1-5, 4, 1-5-6
Subset of (is contained in) ⊂ ⠘⠣ 4-5, 1-2-6
Superset (contains) ⊃ ⠘⠜ 4-5, 3-4-5
Not a subset of ⊄ ⠘⠣⠈⠱ 4-5, 1-2-6, 4, 1-5-6
Not a superset of ⊅ ⠘⠜⠈⠱ 4-5, 3-4-5, 4, 1-5-6
Subset or equal to ⊆ ⠸⠘⠣ 4-5-6, 4-5, 1-2-6
Superset or equal to ⊇ ⠸⠘⠜ 4-5-6, 4-5, 3-4-5
Neither subset nor equal to ⊈ ⠸⠘⠣⠈⠱ 4-5-6, 4-5, 1-2-6, 4, 1-5-6
Neither superset nor equal to ⊉ ⠸⠘⠜⠈⠱ 4-5-6, 4-5, 3-4-5, 4, 1-5-6
Subset but not equal to ⊊ ⠨⠘⠣ 4-6, 4-5, 1-2- 6
Superset but not equal to ⊋ ⠨⠘⠜ 4-6, 4-5, 3-4-5
Normal subgroup of ⊲ ⠈⠸⠣ 4, 4-5-6, 1-2-6
Contains as normal subgroup ⊳ ⠈⠸⠜ 4, 4-5-6, 3-4-5
Normal subgroup of or equal ⊴ ⠸⠸⠣ 4-5-6, 4-5-6, 1-2-6
Contains as normal subgroup of or equal to ⊵ ⠸⠸⠜ 4-5-6, 4-5-6, 3-4-5
Triple vertical bar ⫴ ⠼⠸⠇ 3-4-5-6, 4-5-6, 1-2-3

Operation Signs

NOTE: These signs are generally not spaced.


Print Braille Dots
Plus Sign + ⠐⠖ 5, 2-3-5
Minus Sign − ⠐⠤ 5, 3-6
Multiplication × ⠐⠦ 5, 2-3-6
Division Sign ÷ ⠐⠌ 5, 3-4
Plus or Minus Sign ± ⠸⠖ 4-5-6, 2-3-5
Minus or Plus Sign ∓ ⠸⠤ 4-5-6, 3-5
Asterisk Operator ∗ ⠐⠔ 5, 3-5
Ring Operator ∘ ⠐⠴ 5, 3-5-6
Tilde Operator ∼ ⠈⠔ 4, 3-5
Dot Operator ⋅ ⠐⠲ 5, 2-5-6
Logical and ∧ ⠈⠦ 4, 2-3-6
Logical or ∨ ⠈⠖ 4, 2-3-5
Intersection ∩ ⠨⠦ 4-6, 2-3-6
Union ∪ ⠨⠖ 4-6, 2-3-5
Set minus∖ ⠸⠡ 4-5-6, 1-6

Miscellaneous Signs

Print Braille Dots
Running Product · ⠐⠲ 5, 2-5-6
Multiplication Dot · ⠐⠲ 5, 2-5-6
Ratio Sign : ⠒ 2-5

9.2. Currency Signs

Print Braille Dots
Cent ¢ ⠈⠉ 4, 1-4
Dollar $ ⠈⠎ 4, 2-3-4
Euro € ⠈⠑ 4, 1-5
British Pound £ ⠈⠇ 4, 1-2-3
Franc ₣ ⠈⠋ 4, 1-2-4
Naira ₦ ⠈⠝ 4, 1-3-4-5
Yen / Yuan ¥ ⠈⠽ 4, 1-3-4-5-6

9.3. Embellishments

Description Braille Dots
Bar over previous item ⠱ 1-5-6
Line through previous item (cancellation) ⠈⠱ 4, 1-5-6
Simple right arrow over previous item ⠘⠱ 4-5, 1-5-6
Tilde over previous item ⠸⠱ 4-5-6, 1-5-6
Hat over previous item ⠐⠱ 5, 1-5-6
Arc over previous item ⠨⠱ 4-6, 1-5-6
Dot over previous item ⠘⠲ 4-5, 2-5-6
Bar under previous item ⠠⠱ 6, 1-5-6
Simple right arrow under previous item ⠠⠘⠱ 6, 4-5, 1-5-6
Tilde under previous item ⠠⠸⠱ 6, 4-5-6, 1-5-6
Hat under previous item ⠠⠐⠱ 5, 1-5-6
Dot under previous item ⠠⠘⠲ 6, 4-5, 2-5-6

9.4. Shapes

The various shape indicators in UEB are:

Description Braille Dots
Shape Indicator ⠫ 1-2-4-6
Filled Shape Indicator ⠸⠫ 4-5-6, 1-2-4-6
Shaded Shape Indicator ⠨⠫ 4-6, 1-2-4-6
Transcriber-Defined Shape indicator ⠈⠫ 4, 1-2-4-6
Transcriber-Defined Solid Shape Indicator ⠈⠸⠫ 4, 4-5-6, 1-2-4-6
Transcriber-Defined Shaded Shape Indicator ⠈⠨⠫ 4, 4-6, 1-2-4-6
Shape Terminator ⠱ 1-5-6
Superposition Indicator ⠯ 1-2-3-4-6
Horizontal Juxtaposition Indicator ⠿ 1-2-3-4-5-6
Vertical Juxtaposition Indicator ⠻ 1-2-4-5-6
Physical Enclosure Indicator ⠪ 2-4-6

Some specific shapes include:

Print Braille Dots
Triangle △ ⠫⠼⠉ 1-2-4-6, 3-4-5-6, 1-4
Square □ ⠫⠼⠙ 1-2-4-6, 3-4-5-6, 1-4-5
Circle ○ ⠫⠿ 1-2-4-6, 1-2-3-4-5-6
Parallelogram ▱ ⠫⠈⠼⠙ 1-2-4-6, 4, 3-4-5-6, 1-4-5
Filled Triangle ▲ ⠸⠫⠼⠉ 4-5-6, 1-2-4-6, 3-4-5-6, 1-4
Filled Square ■ ⠸⠫⠼⠙ 4-5-6, 1-2-4-6, 3-4-5-6, 1-4-5

Some combined shapes and symbols include:

Print Braille Dots
Delta Equal To ≜ ⠠⠨⠙⠻⠐⠶ 6, 4-6, 1-4-5, 1-2-4-5-6, 5, 2-3-5-6
Equal To By Definition ≝ ⠣⠙⠑⠋⠜⠻⠐⠶ 1-2-6, 1-4-5, 1-5, 1-2-4, 3-4-5, 1-2-4-5-6, 5, 2-3-5-6
Circled Plus ⊕ ⠫⠿⠪⠐⠖ 1-2-4-6, 1-2-3-4-5-6, 2-4-6, 5, 2-3-5
Circled Minus ⊖ ⠫⠿⠪⠐⠤ 1-2-4-6, 1-2-3-4-5-6, 2-4-6, 5, 3-6
Circled Times ⊗ ⠫⠿⠪⠐⠦ 1-2-4-6, 1-2-3-4-5-6, 2-4-6, 5, 2-3-6
Circled Asterisk Operator ⊛ ⠫⠿⠪⠐⠔ 1-2-4-6, 1-2-3-4-5-6, 2-4-6, 5, 3-5
Squared Plus ⊞ ⠫⠼⠙⠪⠐⠖ 1-2-4-6, 3-4-5-6, 1-4-5, 2-4-6, 5, 2-3-5
Squared Minus ⊟ ⠫⠼⠙⠪⠐⠤ 1-2-4-6, 3-4-5-6, 1-4-5, 2-4-6, 5, 3-6
Squared Times ⊠ ⠫⠼⠙⠪⠐⠦ 1-2-4-6, 3-4-5-6, 1-4-5, 2-4-6, 5, 2-3-6
Division Times ⋇ ⠐⠌⠯⠐⠦ 5, 3-4, 1-2-3-4-6, 5, 2-3-6
Forces ⊩ ⠸⠳⠿⠸⠒ 4-5-6, 1-2-5-6, 1-2-3-4-5-6, 4-5-6, 2-5

9.5. Miscellaneous Signs

Description Braille Dots
Dot Locator for Mention ⠨⠿ 4-6, 1-2-3-4-5-6
Visible space ⠬ 3-4-6
Angle ∠ ⠨⠪ 4-6, 2-4-6
Measured Angle ∡ ⠸⠸⠪ 4-5-6, 4-5-6, 2-4-6
Right Angle with Arc ⊾ ⠼⠸⠪ 3-4-5-6, 4-5-6, 2-4-6
Superscript Indicator ⠔ 3-5
Subscript Indicator ⠢ 2-6
Angstrom Symbol Å ⠠⠘⠫⠁ 6, 4-5, 1-2-4-6, 1
For All ∀ ⠘⠁ 4-5, 1
Prime Sign ′ ⠶ 2-3-5-6
Double prime Sign ″ ⠶⠶ 2-3-5-6, 2-3-5-6
Triple prime Sign ‴ ⠶⠶⠶ 2-3-5-6, 2-3-5-6, 2-3-5-6
Partial Differential ∂ ⠈⠙ 4, 1-4-5
There Exists ∃ ⠘⠢ 4-5, 2-6
There Does Not Exist ∄ ⠘⠢⠈⠱ 4-5, 2-6, 4, 1-5-6
Empty Set ∅ ⠈⠚ 4, 2-4-5
Nabla (Del, Inverted Capital Delta) ∇ ⠘⠙ 4-5, 1-4-5
End of Proof ∎ ⠸⠫⠼⠙ 4-5-6, 1-2-4-6, 3-4-5-6, 1-4-5
Square Root (Radical) Without Vinculum √ ⠐⠩ 5, 1-4-6
Infinity ∞ ⠼⠿ 3-4-5-6, 1-2-3-4-5-6
Integral ∫ ⠮ 2-3-4-6
Contour Integral (Closed Line Integral)∮ ⠈⠮ 4, 2-3-4-6
Therefore ∴ ⠠⠡ 6, 1-6
Because (Since) ∵ ⠈⠌ 4, 3-4
Ratio ∶ ⠒ 2-5
Proportion ∷ ⠒⠒ 2-5, 2-5
Divides ∣ ⠸⠳ 4-5-6, 1-2-5-6
Does Not Divide ∤ ⠸⠳⠈⠱ 4-5-6, 1-2-5-6, 4, 1-5-6
Parallel ∥ ⠼⠇ 3-4-5-6, 1-2-3
Not Parallel ∦ ⠼⠇⠈⠱ 3-4-5-6, 1-2-3, 4, 1-5-6
Up Tack (Perpendicular) ⟂ ⠼⠤ 3-4-5-6, 3-6
Assertion (Is a Theorem) ⊦ ⠸⠒ 4-5-6, 2-5
Left Tack (Reverse Assertion) ⊣ ⠈⠸⠒ 4, 4-5-6, 2-5
True (Is Valid) ⊨ ⠘⠸⠒ 4-5, 4-5-6, 2-5
Does Not Prove ⊬ ⠸⠒⠈⠱ 4-5-6, 2-5, 4, 1-5-6
Not True ⊭ ⠘⠸⠒⠈⠱ 4-5, 4-5-6, 2-5, 4, 1-5-6
Vertical Bar Double Left Turnstile ⫤ ⠨⠸⠒ 4-6, 4-5-6, 2-5
Check Mark (Tick) ✓ ⠈⠩ 4, 1-4-6
Plimsoll Sign (Standard State) ⦵ ⠨⠚ 4-6, 2-4-5

10.1. Transcriber defined signs

Description Braille Dots
Opening transcriber's note indicator ⠈⠨⠣ 4, 4-6, 1-2-6
Closing transcriber's note indicator ⠈⠨⠜ 4, 4-6, 3-4-5
1st transcriber-defined print symbol ⠹ 1-4-5-6
2nd transcriber-defined print symbol ⠼⠹ 3-4-5-6, 1-4-5-6
3rd transcriber-defined print symbol ⠈⠼⠹ 4, 3-4-5-6, 1-4-5-6
4th transcriber-defined print symbol ⠘⠼⠹ 4-5, 3-4-5-6, 1-4-5-6
5th transcriber-defined print symbol ⠸⠼⠹ 4-5-6, 3-4-5-6, 1-4-5-6
6th transcriber-defined print symbol ⠐⠼⠹ 5, 3-4-5-6, 1-4-5-6
7th transcriber-defined print symbol ⠨⠼⠹ 4-6, 3-4-5-6, 1-4-5-6
1st transcriber-defined typeform word indicator ⠈⠼⠂ 4, 3-4-5-6, 2
1st transcriber-defined typeform symbol indicator ⠈⠼⠆ 4, 3-4-5-6, 2-3
1st transcriber-defined typeform passage indicator ⠈⠼⠶ 4, 3-4-5-6, 2-3-5-6
1st transcriber-defined typeform terminator ⠈⠼⠄ 4, 3-4-5-6, 3
2nd transcriber-defined typeform word indicator ⠘⠼⠂ 4-5, 3-4-5-6, 2
2nd transcriber-defined typeform symbol indicator ⠘⠼⠆ 4-5, 3-4-5-6, 2-3
2nd transcriber-defined typeform passage indicator ⠘⠼⠶ 4-5, 3-4-5-6, 2-3-5-6
2nd transcriber-defined typeform terminator ⠘⠼⠄ 4-5, 3-4-5-6, 3
3rd transcriber-defined typeform word indicator ⠸⠼⠂ 4-5-6, 3-4-5-6, 2
3rd transcriber-defined typeform symbol indicator ⠸⠼⠆ 4-5-6, 3-4-5-6, 2-3
3rd transcriber-defined typeform passage indicator ⠸⠼⠶ 4-5-6, 3-4-5-6, 2-3-5-6
3rd transcriber-defined typeform terminator ⠸⠼⠄ 4-5-6, 3-4-5-6, 3
4th transcriber-defined typeform word indicator ⠐⠼⠂ 5, 3-4-5-6, 2
4th transcriber-defined typeform symbol indicator ⠐⠼⠆ 5, 3-4-5-6, 2-3
4th transcriber-defined typeform passage indicator ⠐⠼⠶ 5, 3-4-5-6, 2-3-5-6
4th transcriber-defined typeform terminator ⠐⠼⠄ 5, 3-4-5-6, 3
5th transcriber-defined typeform word indicator ⠨⠼⠂ 4-6, 3-4-5-6, 2
5th transcriber-defined typeform symbol indicator ⠨⠼⠆ 4-6, 3-4-5-6, 2-3
5th transcriber-defined typeform passage indicator ⠨⠼⠶ 4-6, 3-4-5-6, 2-3-5-6
5th transcriber-defined typeform terminator ⠨⠼⠄ 4-6, 3-4-5-6, 3